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Mental Disorders


    Anger - where does it come from? You can be sitting there feeling all normal and boom! - instant anger. Seeing red. And who gets the blast? Usually someone close to me, but often as not a co-worker, the paperboy, a neighbour.

    If you suffer from angry behavior, you are not alone. Experts estimate that millions of people have serious problems managing and keeping their anger under control. Anger can be defined as the combination of bodily tension and the view of the world as insulting, assaulting, frustrating, unfair and/or irritating.

    Anger is a daily experience encountered in a number of interpersonal, family, and occupational situations. It can be expressed outwardly, held in, or controlled and resolved. Expressed anger may lead to negative evaluations by others, a negative self-concept and low self-esteem, interpersonal, occupational, and family conflict, and mild to severe aggression. Anger which is held in may be related to medical conditions such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, and cancer.

    Anger is differentiated from annoyance, fury, rage, hostility, and the behaviors of aggression and violence. Anger is both a normal experience and a clinical disorder.

    Anger is a completely normal, usually healthy, human emotion. But when it gets out of control and turns destructive, it can lead to problems—problems at work, in your personal relationships, and in the overall quality of your life. And it can make you feel as though you're at the mercy of an unpredictable and powerful emotion.

The Nature of Anger

    Anger is all emotion. It varies in intensity from mild irritation to intense fury and rage. Like other emotions, it is accompanied by physiological and biological changes; when you get angry, your heart rate and blood pressure go up, as do the levels of your energy hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline.

    Anger can be caused by both external and internal events. You could be angry at a specific person or event , or your anger could be caused by worrying or brooding about your personal problems. Memories of traumatic or enraging events can also trigger angry feelings.

Expressing Anger

    The natural way to express anger is to respond aggressively. Anger is a natural, adaptive response to threats. A certain amount of anger, therefore, is necessary to our survival.

    Anger can be suppressed, and then converted or redirected. This happens when you hold in your anger. The danger in this type of response is that if it isn't allowed outward expression, your anger can turn inward—on yourself. Anger turned inward may cause hypertension, high blood pressure, or depression. Unexpressed anger can lead to passive-aggressive behavior.

    People who are easily angered generally have a low tolerance for frustration.What makes these people this way? A number of things. One cause may be genetic or physiological: There is evidence that some children are born irritable, touchy, and easily angered, and that these signs are present from a very early age. Another may be sociocultural. Anger is often regarded as negative; we're taught that it's all right to express anxiety, depression, or other emotions but not to express anger. As a result, we don't learn how to handle it or channel it constructively.

    Research has also found that family background plays a role. Typically, people who are easily angered come from families that are disruptive, chaotic, and not skilled at emotional communications.

Recognizing Anger

Exerpt taken from http://www.mentalhelp.net/psyhelp/chap7/

    We know when we are very mad, but anger and aggression come in many forms, some quite subtle. Look inside yourself for more anger. This list (Madlow, 1972) of behaviors and verbal comments said to others or only thought to ourselves may help you uncover some resentments you were not aware of:

Direct behavioral signs::

  • Assaultive: physical and verbal cruelty, rage, slapping, shoving, kicking, hitting, threaten with a knife or gun, etc.
  • Aggression: overly critical, fault finding, name-calling, accusing someone of having immoral or despicable traits or motives, nagging, whining, sarcasm, prejudice, flashes of temper.
  • Hurtful: malicious gossip, stealing, trouble-making.
  • Rebellious: anti-social behavior, open defiance, refusal to talk.


Direct verbal or cognitive signs::

  • Open hatred and insults: "I hate your guts;" "I'm really mad;" "You're so damn stupid."
  • Contempt and disgust: "You're a selfish SOB;" "You are a spineless wimp, you'll never amount to anything."
  • Critical: "If you really cared about me, you'd...;"
  • Suspicious: "You haven't been fair;" "You cheated!"
  • Blaming: "They have been trying to cause me trouble."
  • I don't get the respect I deserve: "They just don't respect the owner (or boss or teacher or doctor) any more."
  • Revengeful: "I wish I could really hurt him."
  • Name calling: "Guys are jerks;" "Women are bitches;" "Politicians are self-serving liars."
  • Less intense but clear: "Well, I'm a little annoyed;" "I'm fed up with...;" "I've had it!"
  • "You're a pain." "I don't want to be around you."
  • "You can't trust _______."


Thinly veiled behavioral signs::

  • Distrustful, skeptical.
  • Argumentative, irritable, indirectly challenging.
  • Resentful, jealous, envious.
  • Disruptive, uncooperative, or distracting actions.
  • Unforgiving or unsympathetic attitude.
  • Sulky, sullen, pouting.
  • Passively resistant, interferes with progress.
  • Given to sarcasm, cynical humor, and teasing.
  • Judgmental, has a superior or holier-than-thou attitude.


Thinly veiled verbal signs::

  • "No, I'm not mad, I'm just disappointed, annoyed, disgusted, put out, or irritated."
  • "You don't know what you are talking about;" "Don't make me laugh."
  • "Don't push me, I'll do it when I get good and ready."
  • "Well, they aren't my kind of people."
  • "Would you buy a used car from him?"
  • "You could improve on..."
  • "Unlike Social Work, my major admits only the best students."


Indirect behavioral signs::

  • Withdrawal: quiet remoteness, silence, little communication especially about feelings.
  • Psychosomatic disorders: tiredness, anxiety, high blood pressure, heart disease. Actually, college students with high Hostility scores had, 20 years later, become more overweight with higher cholesterol and hypertension, had drunk more coffee and alcohol, had smoked more cigarettes, and generally had poorer health (Friedman, 1991). See chapter 5 for a discussion of psychogenic disorders.
  • Serious mental illness: paranoid schizophrenia.
  • Depression and guilt.
  • Accident-proneness and self-defeating or addictive behavior, such as drinking, over-eating, or drugs.
  • Vigorous, distracting activity (exercising or cleaning).
  • Excessively submissive, deferring behavior.
  • Crying.


Indirect verbal signs::

  • "I just don't want to talk."
  • "I'm disappointed in our relationship."
  • "I feel bad all the time."
  • "If you had just lost some weight."
  • "I'm really swamped with work, can't we do something about it?"
  • "Why does this always happen to me?"
  • "No, I'm not angry about anything--I just cry all the time."


Some helpful links::

Help Self
Controlling the Volcano Within
Controlling your anger before it controls you